Popular from citizens, what kind of...
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Popular from citizens, what kind of mechanism is "Digital People's Yen"?Series: China Innovation Situation | Fintech Journal
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Business + it
Popular from citizens, what kind of mechanism is "Digital People's Yen"?
Series: China Innovation situation
A large -scale usage experiment of "Digital People's Yen" is underway in China.One week from October 12, the experiment in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, will be held in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province from December 11 to 27.The Digital RMB is already available, and there is a "controllable anonymity" as a unique mechanism in China.This is a mechanism that enables a special political system in China, but has cleared the "abuse of crime due to anonymity", which is an issue in many cryptocians and electronic currency.What is the impact of digital people on international settlement markets?
IT journalist Takefumi Makino
IT journalist Takefumi Makino
An article that discusses IT technology from a consumer business perspective to various media.In recent years, he has been paying attention to Chinese IT technology.His books include "Google's identity" (Mai Komi Shinsho) and "Nintendo Nostalgi" (Kadokawa Shinsho).
＜目次＞中国でデジタル人民元（CBDC=China’s Central Bank Digital Currency）が導入前夜になっている。2020年10月12日18時から1週間、深セン市で市民5万人が参加する大規模利用実験が行われた。抽選であたった5万人に200元（約3,200円）のデジタル人民元を配布し、協力をする商店3389店舗で実際に使ってもらうというものだ。デジタル人民元を受け取った人は4万7573人で、期間中6万2788件の決済が行われ、876.4万元（約1.4億円）が使用された。使用率は92.11%で、「飲食」「地下鉄」「ガソリンスタンド」「スーパー、百貨店」などが主な利用場所だった。この200元は1週間の実験期間が終了すると回収されてしまうこともあって利用率は高いものとなった。市民からも使いやすいと好評で、追加チャージの金額も90.1万元（約1,500万円）に達した。スマートフォンにデジタル人民元専用のウォレットアプリを入れると、デジタル人民元による決済ができるようになる。ウォレットアプリを開くと残高が表示され、上にスワイプすると支払い、下にスワイプすると受け取りができる。決済方法はNFCによるコンタクトレス決済（タッチ決済）が基本になる。ただし、今回は協力商店の多くがNFC未対応であったため、QRコード決済が多く使われた。関連記事▲ Close ▼ All display
ウォレットアプリのようなソフトウェアウォレットだけでなく、Bluetoothカード、ICカードなどの物理カードや、eSE（内蔵型セキュアエレメント）、SDカード、SIMカードなどのスマホ対応のhardwareウォレットも想定されている。特にeSEは、デバイスの中にデジタル人民元専用のチップを搭載するというもので、すでにファーウェイのスマホmate 40シリーズがeSEに対応している。今後も、このような大規模運用実験が各都市で行われ、適切な時期に本格導入されていくことになる。なお、このようなウォレットまで含んだ体系全体は、「DC/EP」（Digital Currency/Electronic Payment）と呼ばれ、中国メディアはデジタル人民元を指す時も「DC/EP」という用語を使うことが多いようだ。中国はアリババの「アリペイ」、テンセントの「WeChatペイ」などのスマホ決済が普及しており、現金を使うシーンは限定的になっている。大都市だけでなく、地方都市や農村でもスマホ決済が普及する中で、いまさらデジタル通貨の必要性は薄いのではないかと疑問に感じる方もいるかと思う。中国の市民も同じ疑問があるようで、中国メディアでは「デジタル人民元とスマホ決済は何が違うのか？」というテーマの記事が多く掲載されるようになってきている。しかし、デジタル人民元とスマホ決済は、似て非なるものだ。デジタル人民元は電子通貨であり、スマホ決済はウォレット（財布）だ。つまり、将来的にはデジタル人民元をアリペイなどに入れて使うということがあり得る。アリペイやWeChatペイは、アプリの中からタクシー配車、mobileオーダー、フードデリバリー、新幹線や飛行機のチケット予約/購入などさまざまなことができるスーパーアプリになっている。この財布の多機能ぶりで競争をしているのがスマホ決済で、デジタル人民元と対比するときは、「ウォレット」と呼ばれることが増えている。一方で、デジタル人民元はデジタル通貨であり、どのような機能が利用できるようになるかはウォレットアプリ次第。人民銀行（中央銀行）は、このようなデジタル人民元用ウォレットをまずは銀行にdevelopmentをさせる計画だ。スマホ決済の登場により、銀行は苦境に立たされている。普通の市民にとって銀行は口座開設ぐらいしか必要のないものになり、投資信託やローンなどもスマホ決済というウォレット付属の機能を使い始めている。自動車や住宅のローンは額が大きいため、いまだに銀行を利用しているが、スマホ決済各社はその領域まで進出したいと考えていることだろう。【次ページ】銀行によるウォレットdevelopmentが進行中、デジタル人民元「4つの特徴」Recommended article
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